Showing posts with label B1. Show all posts
Showing posts with label B1. Show all posts

Tuesday, April 29, 2025

A Letter Home

Aisling Brennan, a 12-year-old Irish primary school girl, is the winner of the Young Travel Writers Competition at this year's Lismore Immrama Festival of Travel Writing, sponsored by Aer Lingus. Here is her winning "Postcard to Home", a delightful read:


Thursday, May 16, 2024

The Magic of Gaelic Football





Gaelic Football is the most popular of the Gaelic games and is played on a rectangular grass pitch with H-shaped goals at each end. This Irish game is high octane, full of speed, precision, accuracy and intensity. It combines the magic of rugby, football and handball, all in one sport.

It is played with a round ball and both hands and feet are used to control and pass the ball. There are 15 players on each team, with only one referee. The game is played in two 30-minute halves.

The primary objective is to score by driving the ball through or over the goals. If the ball is sent over the bar of the goals, this equates to One Point. If it goes under bar, into the goalmouth, this equates to Three Points. The team with the highest score at the end of the match wins. To learn about the rules of Gaelic football, click on this link.

Sunday, March 31, 2024

Para mejorar el inglés, deberíamos dejar de doblar películas radicalmente, de un día para otro

By Nacho Meneses, El País, 21 de marzo de 2024

Llamar la atención sobre los aspectos negativos de un desafío tan persistente como el aprendizaje del inglés no implica dejar de reconocer los progresos conseguidos. Por eso no es contradictorio afirmar, con una mano, que el nivel de inglés en España lleva años atascado (según el EF English Proficiency English (EPI) de 2023, no ha habido cambios sustanciales desde al menos 2015) mientras, con la otra, se hace gala de un nivel competencial de idiomas cada vez mayor en los jóvenes que se gradúan de Secundaria y Bachillerato, así como del impacto de los programas de educación bilingües en las distintas comunidades autónomas.

Según la última edición del EPI, España ocupa el puesto 35 de 113 países y regiones repartidas por todo el mundo. Una posición que se corresponde con una competencia lingüística intermedia que, sin embargo, resulta engañosa, ya que la mayoría de naciones europeas se sitúan por delante de España: en Europa, nos quedamos en el puesto 25 entre 34 de un ranking que lideran Países Bajos, Singapur, Austria, Dinamarca y Noruega. De los primeros 10 países, ocho son del Viejo Continente, y Portugal, sin ir más lejos, lleva años cómodamente asentado en el Top Ten (octavo puesto en 2023). La pregunta, inevitable, es: ¿por qué tanta diferencia con nuestros vecinos ibéricos?

Los motivos son variados y están, en gran medida, relacionados con nuestras costumbres: desde un sistema educativo que tradicionalmente ha priorizado la gramática sobre la práctica oral y auditiva, a la prevalencia del doblaje en los medios audiovisuales. “Esto es mucho más importante de lo que se pueda pensar... La industria de doblaje española es la más fuerte del mundo, pero lo es porque hemos normalizado que las películas en España se vean en español traducido. Cambia mucho que un niño vea las películas en español respecto a no verlas. Y si en el cine lo ve en español, en casa también quiere hacerlo”, reflexiona Xavier Martí, director de EF Education First en España. La solución, apunta, pasa por echarle valentía y, por ejemplo, “no doblar más películas de un día para otro. Así, radicalmente, para que la gente se acostumbre a ver películas, series y dibujos animados en inglés”. En Portugal, las películas se muestran en versión original subtitulada.

Por otra parte, continúa, “con las condiciones actuales, creo que se podrían dedicar más partidas a enviar niños y jóvenes al extranjero, como en la época de Zapatero, cuando hubo 10.000 niños que así lo hicieron. Y no solo por el impacto que tiene en el promedio de la sociedad, sino porque se habla mucho del tema, y se genera un debate y una concienciación absolutamente básicos para las naciones”.

Objetivo, la competencia comunicativa

Para Martí, cuya organización cumple estos días 50 años de presencia en España, parte de las causas hay que buscarlas también en factores estructurales como el hecho de que ni el inglés (ni la educación en general) son en realidad una prioridad política: “No nos hemos tomado en serio modernizar la educación; no hay un plan claro de cómo enseñar inglés y, como no planeamos de forma estratégica, tampoco se quiere medir de forma sistémica cuáles son los resultados de las inversiones que se hacen en ese sentido”, afirma.

Otro de los obstáculos que dificultan la consecución de un mejor nivel de inglés tiene que ver con la falta de oportunidades para practicar el idioma en contextos reales, además de las exigencias de la cultura de la inmediatez en la sociedad actual. “Se plantean cosas cada vez a más corto plazo, lo cual significa que no encaja realizar un curso de 10 meses para aprender un idioma... Conseguirlo requiere tiempo y constancia y hay que planificar a largo plazo”, explica David Bradshaw, responsable de Evaluación de Cambridge University Press & Assessment, antes de añadir que “la tentación de aparentes atajos en este proceso lleva a que muchas personas no alcancen sus metas”.

Fomentar la exposición al inglés desde edades tempranas es otro de los factores que puede contribuir a una mejora competencial, integrando contenido en inglés en los medios de entretenimiento: “Cada vez son más los chicos que salen de la escuela con un nivel de inglés que les permite comunicarse fluidamente en este idioma, demostrando un nivel B2 e incluso un C1 antes de entrar en la universidad”, señala Bradshaw. Así también lo considera María Perillo, presidenta del consejo educativo en ABA English, para quien las políticas educativas “tendrían que enfocarse más en la práctica comunicativa, y debería haber más iniciativas públicas, como campañas de sensibilización sobre la importancia del inglés para el desarrollo personal y profesional, incluyendo subsidios para cursos y certificaciones”.

Aunque el nivel de inglés no incrementa por sí solo ni los salarios ni el comercio de un país, las fuerzas laborales más eficientes tienden a hablar un mejor inglés (según concluye el mencionado estudio de EF), sin olvidar el impacto positivo que la diversidad en el entorno laboral tiene sobre los resultados de las empresas. “Cada vez hay más necesidad de formar equipos internacionales en cualquier disciplina, para absorber el conocimiento de otros países y conocer otros puntos de vista”, esgrime Perillo.

En cualquier caso, tal y como recuerda Martí, “tu objetivo no es defenderte en inglés; tu objetivo es dominarlo” y, al hacerlo, comunicarte con fluidez. No necesariamente en todos los ámbitos, pero sí en aquellos que más se relacionen con tu actividad laboral o con tus pasiones y aficiones, ya que combinar estas con el aprendizaje del idioma hace que este sea más efectivo.

¿Qué se ha conseguido hasta ahora?

A la hora de juzgar un posible bajo nivel de inglés en España, es necesario tener en cuenta otras consideraciones. Si bien es cierto que el sistema educativo ha estado tradicionalmente centrado en el componente gramatical, también lo es “que ya se han producido numerosos avances hacia metodologías más comunicativas, y el uso de tecnologías en el aula permite romper la barrera del estudio formal, porque los estudiantes más jóvenes se sienten más a gusto trabajando y eso hace que su motivación aumente”, sostiene la responsable de ABA English. Además, el acceso al inglés es mucho más sencillo y generalizado que antes, gracias a la digitalización de la televisión, las distintas oportunidades formativas online y la llegada de las plataformas de streaming.

Por otro lado, y a pesar de las dudas que puedan persistir sobre este tipo de programas, lo cierto es que los programas de enseñanza bilingüe implementados en las distintas Comunidades Autónomas permiten una exposición al idioma mayor y, en muchos casos, más rica y profunda. De entre todos ellos, el de la Comunidad de Madrid (inaugurado en 2004) es el más decano, “y solo es ahora cuando los primeros de esos alumnos están incorporándose al mercado laboral, después de la universidad. Puede que, en los próximos años, se note un cambio en los niveles de inglés, con la llegada de cada vez más alumnos fruto de estas iniciativas en las diferentes regiones”, aventura Bradshaw. Unos programas que, no obstante, “son tan buenos como los profesores que lo imparten”, recuerda Martí, “lo que también ha llevado a zonas de educación bilingüe con un mal profesorado, y entonces no es suficiente. Por eso es tan importante que al profesorado se le apoye, se le forme y se le cuide”.

Las universidades, por su parte, también están tomando medidas para mejorar la internacionalización de sus estudios. Así, gracias al programa Erasmus y otras iniciativas, los estudiantes tienen mejores oportunidades de estudiar en el extranjero durante sus estudios de grado, en muchos casos empleando el inglés como lengua vehicular tanto en su vida cotidiana como académica.

¿Y qué ocurre con las empresas? “Creo que muchas de ellas ya toman un papel activo en la formación de sus empleados en inglés”, cuenta Bradshaw, si bien “donde podrían mejorar algunas es en la dirección dada a la formación: suelen ofrecer oportunidades para estudiar inglés, pero sin centrarse necesariamente en objetivos claros para cada empleado, basados en las necesidades de comunicación que tiene su papel en la organización”. Workplace English Tool es una herramienta desarrollada por la Universidad de Cambridge para identificar los niveles lingüísticos que necesitan los empleados en cada destreza para realizar su trabajo.

¿Cómo es una buena metodología de aprendizaje del inglés?

“Existe un orden natural de adquisición de las competencias de un idioma”, explica Perillo. “Primero hay que escuchar y comprender; luego hablar; y, a continuación, leer y escribir. Los niños aprenden escuchando e imitando, y también los adultos que van al extranjero a vivir una inmersión lingüística. Eso significa que el punto de partida para el aprendizaje es la escucha, y no la gramática o la lectura”. Muchas veces, añade, hacemos lo contrario, y eso nos lleva a tener unas competencias muy desequilibradas: podemos comprender textos escritos, por ejemplo, pero no hablar con fluidez.

En el mismo sentido se expresa el responsable de Cambridge University Press & Assessment en España: cualquier metodología debe centrarse en el uso del idioma para comunicarse en situaciones reales, “sin preocuparse, al menos en un principio, de la perfección con que se dice”. Si se tienen en consideración los niveles establecidos por el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia (MCER), en los niveles inferiores la comunicación siempre será imperfecta, y será el alumno quien deba ir limando dichas imperfecciones según vaya avanzando en el aprendizaje de la lengua.

Consejos para mejorar el inglés en el día a día

Vivir en un entorno de inmersión en el idioma que se quiere aprender es, sin duda, la opción que arroja mejores resultados de aprendizaje. Sin embargo, para una inmensa mayoría de alumnos, esta posibilidad se antoja imposible, ya sea por sus propias circunstancias personales, familiares o profesionales. Por eso Martí, Bradshaw y Perillo, los expertos consultados para este reportaje, recomiendan una serie de pasos que pueden darse para mejorar el inglés sin tener que renunciar a ninguna de nuestras obligaciones cotidianas: 

  • Planifica tus objetivos de aprendizaje, y mide tu progreso cada cierto tiempo.
  • Dedica al menos 20 minutos diarios a ver una película, leer algo, cantar, chatear con amigos extranjeros o escuchar un podcast o audiolibro en el idioma que quieres aprender.
  • A lo largo del año, trata de salir al extranjero al menos una semana o dos, para exponerte a una inmersión total.
  • Mantente constante: se aprende más dedicando poco tiempo de forma frecuente y regular que dándote atracones ocasionales espaciados por largos periodos de inactividad.
  • Empieza un cuaderno de vocabulario lo bastante pequeño como para llevarlo contigo, y cuando tengas momentos libres repasa las palabras incluidas. No hace falta que las memorices, solo reléelas.
  • Hay muchas apps que pueden ayudarte: desde Duolingo hasta otras como Write and Improve o Speak and Improve (esta aún en beta) de Cambridge.
  • Busca un compañero de estudios para compartir progresos y motivaros mutuamente.
  • Grábate de vez en cuando para autoevaluar tu progreso.
  • No te obsesiones con la gramática.

Monday, October 23, 2023

Alcalá de Guadaíra, the Story Behind a Name

 By TONY BRYANT

Sur in English, September 15th, 2023

The earliest settlements in the area around what is now Alcalá de Guadaíra, a town not far from Seville (a mere 14 kms), in Southern Spain, date to prehistoric times, as confirmed by the discovery of Chalcolithic dolmens at the archaeological site of El Gandul. However, the origins of the current town can be traced back to the Tartessians, who called the settlement Irippo.

Some historians claim that the first part of this name, Ir, signifies "rushing river", in reference to the Aira river, later called Guadaíra, and therefore Irippo meant "the city of the river" in Tartessian. The Greeks called the town Hienipa, meaning "underground water", and this name was later converted by the Romans to Ordo Hinipense.

The town achieved importance during the Muslim era because it was located on the river and was part of the defensive belt of Isbiliya (Sevilla). The inhabitants, whose main income was agriculture, used the river to transport the wheat they cultivated to Seville.

The Arabs named it Al Kalat Wad Aira -the fortress on the River Aira- in reference to the importance of the 12th -century Almohad castle, and it is from this name that the current toponym derives.

The town was taken from the Moors by King Fernando III in 1244. Under the Christians the town lost its economic prosperity, and only regained it in the 20th century, when agriculture was mechanised. Some of the watermills built during the Moorish era can be still found in the area, and because the town once provided most of Seville's bread, it became known as Alcalá de los Panaderos (Alcalá of the bakers).

In 2001, the Town Hall approved adding the accent to the word Guadaira to make it Guadaíra. This was based on the pronunciation of the word by the locals. This slightly adapted spelling became official on 23 April 2003.

Tuesday, March 14, 2023

Wanderlust. Ode to the joys of travel

Estrada Nacional 2, Portugal. Photo: Toni Amengual

By Ap Dijksterhuis

Holland Herald, August 2018

What’s behind our drive to seek out new faces, places and vistas? The secret is simple – just get up and go to find out. Renowned Dutch social psychologist Ap Dijksterhuis gives you four reasons why you should start travelling right now:

Travel inspires and makes us more creative. 

Travel increases our lifespan. 

Travel broadens the mind, connects people and stamps out prejudice.

Travel creates happiness.

Travel broadens the mind and makes short shrift of any prejudice. When you only get your information from TV or other media, you’re not seeing the whole picture. You see government officials, not the actual people. You’re confronted with a rude world leader, not the millions of people who are embarrassed and ashamed by him. Travel connects people. The more people you meet from all different parts of the world, the more you realise how similar we really are. Every human being wants security, shelter, preferably some measure of freedom and, of course, an environment that allows them and their children to flourish. First and foremost, humans are human, no matter where they grow up – Australia or Algeria, Ecuador or England. Travel encourages us to let go of negative ideas about others, about people from far away. I’m not afraid to say that if only those Brits who travel frequently had been allowed to vote in the referendum, there would probably be no Brexit today.

Think back to your last trip for a moment, and try to recall everything you did and experienced. You’re probably flooded with wonderful (and perhaps a few not-so-wonderful) memories. Indeed, we went to see the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, and had a great meal afterwards. We strolled along the Ramblas. Or: in Bangkok, we went to see the 46m-long reclining Buddha of Wat Po, and then went on a riverboat tour. Fine. Now think about that time when you were at home, a few months back. Does that stir any memories or recollections? Probably very few. 

Our brain keeps track of time. Not in minutes or hours, but subjectively, by the amount of impulses it receives. The more you experience – the more new or exciting things you do – the longer the brain will believe a period of time lasted. Because of that, a regular workweek at home often seems to dissolve quickly and without a trace, while a week spent travelling yields such intellectual wealth that looking back on it might appear to be looking back on a month.

And this bears repeating - even during their travels people are happier. Once we’ve set out, worries and tension flow from our bodies. No dentist’s appointments to go to, no spread-sheets to pore over, the uncomfortable conversation with your manager is instantly forgotten, and the agitated discussion on your coworkers’ group app goes right over your head – even if you read any of it, it’s easy to distance yourself with a smile. Let them figure it out, you think, I’m not getting involved. But perhaps the most important reason why travel makes us happy, is that travellers tend to practice what the Buddha is said to have advised as early as 2,500 years ago: we live in the ‘now’. Travellers experience so much, that they simply cannot look beyond the moment. At night, they might review the past day, or look forward to the day ahead, but that’s it. On top of that, travellers engage in something new every day. On the road, no two days are the same. Our brains just love that. 

Wednesday, May 26, 2021

B1 Language Structures

  • Someone wants [doesn't want] /tells/asks someone else to do something: Pedro's mother often wants him to help with the housework. NOT … wants *that he helps   Our teacher has asked us to hand in a composition next week. Maria doesn't want anybody to know her secret recipe.

  • VERB PATTERNSlook forward to + GERlook forward to visiting you in Paris next month. be interested in + GER: She is interested in learning about Japanese culture. plan to + INF: We are planning to spend two weeks in the jungle.

  • COMPOUND ADJECTIVES. Remember that all the words that form a compound are always singular and hyphenated: a ten-week course; a 10-metre-long motor home; a three-year-old kid; a coffee-producing country; an up-to-date review

  •  QUESTION FORMING STRUCTURE (Q)ASI[+P]: Can he swim? ASI (Auxiliary + Subject + Infinitive); Where does he live? QASI (Question word + Auxiliary + Subject + Infinitive); What company do you work for? QASIP (Question word + Auxiliary + Subject + Infinitive + Preposition)

  •  [be/have] fun [be] funny: An activity (a party, a trip, a class) can be fun, but a joke, a book or a film may be funny! I had such fun that I didn't want to leave that school. Julia's party last night was lots of fun. We had lots of fun at Jane's wedding. Woody Allen's films are usually very funny. The trip was great fun. NOT *very fun

  • it takes someone time to do something: It was really embarrassing because it took me ages to find the ringing phone in my bag! It usually takes me a long time to make new friends.

  • Someone finds/doesn't find it difficult/easy/boring/embarrassing to do something: Paula finds it embarrassing to discuss safe sex with her parents. Optimistic people find it easy to make new friends, while anxious people find it difficult to trust others.

  • Giving an opinion: Someone finds + Noun/Gerund + Adjective: I find noisy neighbors annoying. Paul finds shopping centers the most boring place in the world. I find swimming in deep waters frightening. Shauna finds Mozart's music relaxing, but she finds listening to heavy metal boring. Many people find reality TV pathetic.

  • To link two negative ideas or facts we can use two structures: ... not + VERB [+OBJECT] + and ... not + VERB [+OBJECT] + either: Susan is a vegetarian, so she doesn't eat meat and she doesn't eat fish either. Peter had to change flats because his flatmates didn't do the cleaning and they didn't buy their own food either. Or we can also use the simpler structure: ... not ... or... : When I was a teenager, I couldn't see my friends or go out because I had to do lots of homework.

  • look ≠ look like: look + ADJECTIVE, looks like + NOUN or PRONOUN. The woman in the photo looks happy. NOT … she looks *like happy. The man sitting on the floor looks like Gustavo, my neighbor next door. 

  • Someone feels/doesn't feel like doing something: --Hey, John, do you feel like going out tonight? --Not really, I feel like staying in. It is pouring with rain outside!

  •  Someone agrees or disagrees with something or someone: Susan disagrees with her professor about marriage. OR Someone agrees that...: I agree that marriage is a thing of the past. NOT I *am agree …

  • To express that a situation has ceased to exist we use the structures: … NEGATIVE VERB … any more/any longer: Susan was not in love with Peter any more, so they split up. I didn't have to go to the market any more; or AFFIRMATIVE VERB … no longer: English is no longer the property of the British, Americans or Australians.

  • To express preference on a particular occasion we use the structures I'd rather + INFinitive, or I'd rather not + INF: - Let's go out tonight. - I'd rather not go out on such a cold night. I'd rather watch a film on TV instead. 

  • To refer to another person, thing or place, without saying which one, we use the expressions someone/something/somewhere else in the affirmative, or anybody/anything/anywhere else in negative or interrogative sentences: I am not very fond of that fast food place. Let's go somewhere else for dinner tonight! Would you like to order anything else, sir? NOT … order *another thing. Also, we can use "else" after some question words: What else do you know about Elvis Presley?

  • To give advice we use one of the following structures: You should/shouldn't + INF; I (don't) think you should + INF; If I were you, I'd + INF; Why don't you + INF?; What about + GER?

  • Expressing a negative opinion or option: I don't think getting promoted is stressful. NOT *I think getting promoted isn't stressful. I don't think you should buy that watch; it's too expensive.

  • Expressing the first time someone has done something: This is the first operation I have ever had. NOT … *the first operation I have! This is the first time I've seen the film Blade Runner.


  •  INFinitive of personal purpose versus GERund of utility: I went to the shop to buy some pens. BUT This pen is for writing, not for drawing.

  • To express a progressive increase we use a double comparative: More and more people now talk about English as an international language. More and more, people are using the internet for business, education, shopping and even to make friends.

Tuesday, January 26, 2021

Man in an Orange Shirt_mini series


Two tales of love highlighting the very different challenges that face the couples, with Michael and Thomas just after World War II, and Adam and Steve in the present day. The drama follows two gay love stories set 60 years apart — linked by family, and by a painting that holds a secret that echoes down the generations. The 2-hour-long film (divided into two episodes) explores a forbidden relationship made impossible by illegality and societal pressure, and contrasts it with present-day romance as a minefield of internalized issues and temptations.

This BBC miniseries is one of the most beautiful, elegant pieces of fiction I have ever seen on screen. Novelist Patrick Gale's double love story will remain with viewers for ever.

The superb cast includes Vanessa Redgrave, Oliver Jackson-Cohen, James McArdle, Joanna Vanderham, Laura Carmichael, Julian Morris, David Gyasi, Julian Sands, and Frances De La Tour.

Friday, January 08, 2021

The Benefits of Reading

According to writer and philosopher Alain de Botton and those at The School of Life, books are valuable because they expand our knowledge and understanding, validate our feelings and actions, and inspire our lives.

If you’re one of the non-book readers that says, “I watch the news, I read stuff on the Internet, I scan a magazine article once in a while, so I don’t need no stinking books!”, maybe I can change your mind with these ten psychologically beneficial reasons to start the habit.

1) Reading saves you time

Sometimes it may seem like reading is wasting time, but it’s actually the ultimate time-saver because it gives us access to a range of emotions and experiences that it would take years and years to experience in person. Reading is the best reality simulator because it takes us through so many more situations than we will ever have time to see for ourselves.

Reading also acts as a time machine. By picking up and opening a book we can hear great people and writers from the past speaking to us, mind-to-mind, and heart-to-heart.

“A great book should leave you with many experiences, and slightly exhausted at the end. You live several lives while reading.” ~William Styron

2) Reading gives us opportunities to experience other cultures and places

Reading reveals aspects of the lives of people in other places like India or Ireland, giving us insight into many ethnicities, cultures, lifestyles, etc. By reading, we become more aware of different places and the customs of those places.

“The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you’ll go.” ~Dr. Seuss

3) Reading builds compassion

Reading books takes us into another person’s world and allows us to see through his/her eyes. Books give us truths about human beings – their behaviors, their emotions, how they interact – that’s hard to get any other way other than reading about it. Not only that, authors can relate their experiences, feelings, and knowledge about these things because it goes into what they write.

“The best moments in reading are when you come across something – a thought, a feeling, a way of looking at things – which you had thought special and particular to you. And now, here it is, set down by someone else, a person you have never met, someone even who is long dead. And it is as if a hand has come out, and taken yours.” ~Alan Bennet

4) Reading improves creativity

Reading about the diversity of life and exposing ourselves to new ideas and more information helps to bring out the creative side of our brain as it absorbs new ideas and ways of thinking.

“Books are a uniquely portable magic.” ~Stephen King

5) Reading helps reduce feelings of loneliness

We often can’t say what’s really on our minds, but in books we amazingly find descriptions of what we think about. In the best books, it’s as if the writer knows us better than we know ourselves, finding the words to describe the delicate, weird, and unique goings-on inside of us, which helps with feelings of being the only one that thinks like that. And being entertained through reading can help us forget about our own troubles for a while.

“We read to know we’re not alone.” ~William Nicholson

6) Reading cures boredom

If we’re feeling bored, all we have to do is pick up a book and start reading. What is bound to happen is that we’ll become interested in the book’s subject and stop being bored. Think about it, if we’re bored anyway, we might as well be reading a good book, right?

“Many people, myself among them, feel better at the mere sight of a book.” ~Jane Smiley

7) Reading prepares us for the future

Many books are about life’s challenges and ways of dealing with it and the people around us. They’re a tool to help us live and die with a little bit more wisdom, graciousness, and sanity. More often than not, reading a book has made the future of a person.

“Today a reader, tomorrow a leader.” ~Margaret Fuller

8) Reading engages the mind

Reading uses our brains. While reading, we’re forced to reason out many things that we’re not familiar with, using more of our grey matter. Plus, reading improves vocabulary. While reading books, especially challenging ones, we’ll find many new words we wouldn’t see, hear, or use otherwise.

Reading also improves concentration and focus because with books we focus on what we’re reading for longer periods of time compared to magazines or Internet posts that only have bits of information. And since we have to concentrate when reading, like a muscle, we’ll get better at it. Similarly, reading helps stretch memory muscles so it also improves memory. Research shows if you don’t use your memory, you lose it.

“Think before you speak. Read before you think.” ~Fran Lebowitz

9) Reading increases self-confidence

The more we read, the more we learn. With more knowledge, our self-esteem builds.  Strong self-esteem helps with self-confidence. It’s a chain reaction. And being well-read, people will look to us for answers, which makes us feel smarter.

“A word after a word after a word is power.” ~Margaret Atwood

10) Reading always gives us something to talk about


Reading books keeps us out of embarrassing situations where we don’t have anything to talk about. We can chat about the latest Stephen King book we’ve read or discuss the stuff we’re learning in the business or psychology books we’re reading. The possibilities of sharing become endless.

Tuesday, December 08, 2020

Ten new words every day

Everyone knows the English language is changing. Every three months, the OED (Oxford English Dictionary) publishes updates to its online dictionary. One recent update contained 900 new words, new expressions, or new meanings for existing words. But where do they all come from?

New words are created in many different ways. We can make a new word by combining two words, like gastropub (gastronomy + pub), vlog (video + blog) or emoticon (emotion + icon). Sometimes we put two words together in a new way, for example road rage or toy boy.

We also find that nouns can change into verbs. Take the word text. Text was always a noun (from about 1369, according to the OED), but it is now very common as a verb, to text somebody. Other new words already existed but with a different meaning. For example, tweet was the noise that a bird makes, but now we use it more often (as a verb or a noun) for a message that people put on the social networking site Twitter.

Another way in which we make new words is by ‘adopting’ words from foreign languages, like barista or latte (imported from Italian when coffee bars became really popular in the UK in the 1990s), or patio or siesta (taken from Spanish).

A lot of new words come from the names of brands or companies, for example we skype each other and we google a word. We also need more general words to describe new technology or new gadgets: wi-fi, ringtone, and smartphone are some recent examples; or new technological ways of behaviour, like cyberbullying, or the most recent twalking (talking + walking) which refers to distracted walking while texting.

The invention of new words is not a new phenomenon. The word brunch (breakfast + lunch) first appeared in 1896, newspaper (news + paper) in 1667, and English speakers started to use the word café (from French) in the late 19th century. The difference now is how quickly new words and expressions enter the language and how rapidly we start to use and understand them.

Source: Adapted from 900 new words in 3 months, Oxford University Press

Related article: New English Words

Thursday, June 18, 2020

Free B1 Online Resources

RECURSOS GRATUITOS ONLINE PARA LA PREPARACIÓN DE LA ACREDITACIÓN DE INGLÉS B1

READING COMPREHENSION

http://www.examenglish.com/PET/PET_reading_and_writing.html http://www.flo-joe.co.uk/preliminaryenglish/pet-reading-practice-tests.htm http://www.englishaula.com/en/cambridge-english-test-exam-preparation/cambridge-english-preliminary-pet-b1/reading/exam-parts/exercise- practice-test/3-5-part-exam/
http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/exams/preliminary/preparation/
http://www.englishrevealed.co.uk/pet.php
http://www.cambridge.org/elt/objectivepet/tests.htm
http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading-skills-practice
http://www.examenglish.com/B1/B1_reading.htm
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp? id=2967     
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/lower-intermediate https://www.theguardian.com/education/learn-english-classroom-materials-archive http://eclexam.eu/espanol/sample-tests/
http://www.trinitycollege.com/site/? id=3195
http://www.trinitycollege.com/site/? id=3194
http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/exams/first/preparation/
http://www.clm-granada.com/es/lem/b1-b2-clm/descripcion-ingles/Reading-Listening_sample_Booklet.pdf
http://www.uco.es/idiomas/certacles-b1/
https://www.upo.es/idiomas/certificacion-nivel/muestrasExamenes/index.jsp
https://clenguas.ual.es/index.php/acreditaciones-ual/
http://www10.ujaen.es/conocenos/cealm/examenes-de-convocatorias-anteriores
http://fguma.es/contenidos/general.action? idsupersection=2&idselectedsection=73&selectedsection=CERTACLES&idparentmenu=34112&idpage=31900&idcomission=0&typetable=opcionescentr http://www.uca.es/cslm/portal.do? TR=A&IDR=1&identificador=14436
http://www.uca.es/cslm/portal.do? TR=A&IDR=1&identificador=14437
https://institutodeidiomas.us.es/ingles/pruebas-de-acreditacion
http://culm.unizar.es/certacles
http://fgulem.unileon.es/cimodernos/aclesB1.aspx
http://funge.uva.es/sin-categoria/prueba-de-acreditacion-acles/ http://sci.usal.es/images/stories/examenes_certacles_modelo_tareas_examen_B1_ingles.pdf 
http://www.llengues.urv.cat/ca/acreditacions/angles/model-b1/
http://www.cifalc.cat/certificats-dangles/descripcio-de-lexamen-angles/ http://fgulem.unileon.es/cimodernos/aclesB1.aspx
http://www.upct.es/gestionserv/inter/web_servidiomas_fich/doc_secciones/330examen-acles-para-la-redaudio.pdf

LISTENING COMPREHENSION
http://www.examenglish.com/PET/PET_listening.html http://www.englishaula.com/en/cambridge-english-test-exam-preparation/cambridge-english-preliminary-pet-b1/listening/exam-parts/ exercise-practice-test/3-3-part-exam/
http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/exams/preliminary/preparation/
http://www.cambridge.org/elt/objectivepet/tests.htm
http://www.mansioningles.com/listening00.htm
https://es.lyricstraining.com/
http://hancockmcdonald.com/materials/university-life
https://www.audio-lingua.eu/? lang=es
http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/listening-skills-practice
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/content
https://www.youtube.com/user/bbclearningenglish/videos
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-english
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/intermediate
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/lower-intermediate
https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=F-EuwVgM2ts&list=PL59GcrPDHI8KRjnxslMF13wbOQ8Uyb5Oh http://eclexam.eu/espanol/sample-tests/
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/listening-skills-practice
http://www.trinitycollege.com/site/? id=3195
http://www.trinitycollege.com/site/? id=3194
http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/exams/first/preparation/ 
http://www.clm-granada.com/es/lem/b1-b2-clm/descripcion-ingles/Reading-Listening_sample_Booklet.pdf http://www.uco.es/idiomas/certacles-b1/
https://www.upo.es/idiomas/certificacion-nivel/muestrasExamenes/index.jsp
https://clenguas.ual.es/index.php/acreditaciones-ual/
http://www10.ujaen.es/conocenos/cealm/examenes-de-convocatorias-anteriores
http://www.uca.es/cslm/portal.do? TR=A&IDR=1&identificador=14436
http://www.uca.es/cslm/portal.do? TR=A&IDR=1&identificador=14437
https://institutodeidiomas.us.es/ingles/pruebas-de-acreditacion
http://culm.unizar.es/certacles
http://fgulem.unileon.es/cimodernos/aclesB1.aspx
http://funge.uva.es/sin-categoria/prueba-de-acreditacion-acles/ http://sci.usal.es/images/stories/examenes_certacles_modelo_tareas_examen_B1_ingles.pdf 
http://www.llengues.urv.cat/acreditacions/angles/model-b1/ http://www.udl.cat/export/sites/universitat-lleida/ca/serveis/il/.galleries/docs/galeria_doc/1617-Escola-didiomes/mostra-examen-B1-angles.pdf 
http://www.cifalc.cat/certificats-dangles/descripcio-de-lexamen-angles/ http://www.centrodelinguas.gal/es/pag/314/caja-estatica--acreditacion-acles--como-vai-a-ser-o-exame-modelos-de-tarefas/ http://cdl.uvigo.es/acreditacions.php? idioma=es
http://www.um.es/documents/2416403/4337501/EJEMPLO +LISTENING +B1.pdf/91b4f02d-aec2-47dc-9622-cb8f5afe82ce 
http://www.um.es/documents/2416403/4337501/EJEMPLO +LISTENING +B2.pdf/b8429e36-0b48-4921-ac21-7dd5eecb91d3 http://www.upct.es/gestionserv/inter/web_servidiomas_fich/doc_secciones/330examen-acles-para-la-redaudio.pdf 
http://cdl.webs.upv.es/certificaciones-y-pruebas/examenes-oficiales-cdl#modelo-de-examen-inglés-b1 http://cdl.webs.upv.es/certificaciones-y-pruebas/examenes-oficiales-cdl#modelo-de-examen-inglés-b2 http://www.examenglish.com/B1/B1_listening.htm
http://www.elllo.org

WRITTEN EXPRESION
http://www.examenglish.com/PET/PET_reading_and_writing.html
http://www.flo-joe.co.uk/preliminaryenglish/pet-writing-practice-tests.htm http://www.englishaula.com/en/cambridge-english-test-exam-preparation/cambridge-english-preliminary-pet-b1/writing/exam-parts/exercise- practice-test/3-2-part-exam/
http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/exams/preliminary/preparation/
http://www.englishrevealed.co.uk/pet.php
http://www.cambridge.org/elt/objectivepet/tests.htm
https://writeandimprove.com/
http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/writing-skills-practice
https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=VgTqZOZ1UMQ
http://yourenglishstrategies.wikispaces.com/Writing + %28B1%29
http://www.rubenvalero.com/english/content/writing-corner-fce-cae
http://www.autoenglish.org/PET/PETWriting2and3.htm
http://eclexam.eu/espanol/sample-tests/
http://www.trinitycollege.com/site/? id=3195
http://www.trinitycollege.com/site/? id=3194
http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/exams/first/preparation/
http://www.examenglish.com/B1/B1_reading.htm
http://www.clm-granada.com/es/lem/b1-b2-clm/descripcion-ingles/Writing-Sample-Booklet-1.pdf 
http://www.clm-granada.com/es/lem/b1-b2-clm/descripcion-ingles/Writing-Sample-Booklet-2.pdf
http://www.uco.es/idiomas/certacles-b1/
https://www.upo.es/idiomas/certificacion-nivel/muestrasExamenes/index.jsp
https://clenguas.ual.es/index.php/acreditaciones-ual/
http://www10.ujaen.es/conocenos/cealm/examenes-de-convocatorias-anteriores
http://fguma.es/contenidos/general.action? idsupersection=2&idselectedsection=73&selectedsection=CERTACLES&idparentmenu=34112&idpage=31900&idcomission=0&typetable=opcionescentr http://www.uca.es/cslm/portal.do? TR=A&IDR=1&identificador=14436
http://www.uca.es/cslm/portal.do? TR=A&IDR=1&identificador=14437
https://institutodeidiomas.us.es/ingles/pruebas-de-acreditacion
http://culm.unizar.es/certacles
http://fgulem.unileon.es/cimodernos/aclesB1.aspx
http://sci.usal.es/images/stories/examenes_certacles_modelo_tareas_examen_B1_ingles.pdf
http://www.llengues.urv.cat/acreditacions/angles/model-b1/
http://www.centrodelinguas.gal/es/pag/314/caja-estatica--acreditacion-acles--como-vai-a-ser-o-exame-modelos-de-tarefas/ 
http://cdl.uvigo.es/acreditacions.php? idioma=es
http://www.um.es/documents/2416403/4337501/EJEMPLO +WRITING +B1.pdf/13e88f6c-a4bd-4913-8a90-32ce39cb24ea 
http://www.upct.es/gestionserv/inter/web_servidiomas_fich/doc_secciones/330examen-acles-para-la-redaudio.pdf
http://www.upct.es/gestionserv/inter/web_servidiomas_fich/doc_secciones/330examen-acles-para-la-redaudio.pdf http://writefix.com
https://flo-joe.co.uk/
http://examenglish.com
http://englishaula.com http://grammarly.com

ORAL SKILLS
http://www.examenglish.com/PET/PET_speaking.html
http://www.flo-joe.co.uk/preliminaryenglish/pet-speaking-practice-tests.htm http://www.englishaula.com/en/cambridge-english-test-exam-preparation/cambridge-english-preliminary-pet-b1/speaking/exam-parts/ exercise-practice-test/3-4-part-exam/
http://www.cambridge.org/elt/objectivepet/tests.htm http://eurospeak.org.uk/eurospeakblog/2014/07/23/speaking-topics-b1-esol-entry-level-3-exams-part-1-3/ 
http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/exams/speaking-exams/describe-photo-or-picture
http://www.eoiestepa.es/? page_id=819
https://www.elthillside.com/sites/default/files/photocopiable_material/Journeys_B1-TRP-students.pdf 
http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/exams/speaking-exams/talk-about-yourself http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/exams/speaking-exams/discussion
http://www.trinitycollege.com/site/? id=3195
http://www.trinitycollege.com/site/? id=3194
http://www.clm-granada.com/es/lem/b1-b2-clm/descripcion-ingles/prueba_oral_b1_ejemplo.webm 
https://www.upo.es/idiomas/certificacion-nivel/muestrasExamenes/index.jsp
https://clenguas.ual.es/index.php/acreditaciones-ual/
http://www10.ujaen.es/conocenos/cealm/examenes-de-convocatorias-anteriores
http://fguma.es/contenidos/general.action? idsupersection=2&idselectedsection=73&selectedsection=CERTACLES&idparentmenu=34112&idpage=31900&idcomission=0&typetable=opcionescentr https://institutodeidiomas.us.es/ingles/pruebas-de-acreditacion
http://culm.unizar.es/certacles
http://fgulem.unileon.es/cimodernos/aclesB1.aspx
http://sci.usal.es/images/stories/examenes_certacles_modelo_tareas_examen_B1_ingles.pdf
http://www.llengues.urv.cat/acreditacions/angles/model-b1/ http://www.udl.cat/export/sites/universitat-lleida/ca/serveis/il/.galleries/docs/galeria_doc/1617-Escola-didiomes/mostra-examen-B1-angles.pdf 
http://www.cifalc.cat/certificats-dangles/descripcio-de-lexamen-angles/ http://www.centrodelinguas.gal/es/pag/314/caja-estatica--acreditacion-acles--como-vai-a-ser-o-exame-modelos-de-tarefas/ http://www.um.es/documents/2416403/4337501/EJEMPLO +SPEAKING +B1.pdf/2c27754e-df3f-49a9-9881-3fc9af45a211 
http://www.upct.es/gestionserv/inter/web_servidiomas_fich/doc_secciones/330examen-acles-para-la-redaudio.pdf
http://writefix.com
http://www.fluentu.com/english/blog/how-to-improve-spoken-english/? lang=en
http://www.phone-english.net

Source: Universidad de Granada